\(C,\mathit{Si} \) and \(Ge \)have same lattice structure. Why is \(C\) insulator while \(\mathit{Si}\) and \(Ge\) intrinsic semiconductors?
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The four bonding electrons of C, Si or Ge are lie respectively in the second, third and forth orbit. The energy gap for Ge is \(0\mathrm{\ldotp }72eV\), for Si is \(1\mathrm{\ldotp }1\,eV\)and for C is \(5\mathrm{\ldotp }54\,eV\). Hence, energy required to take out an electron from these atoms will be least for Ge and highest for C. Therefore, the C is insulator and and Si and Ge are intrinsic semiconductor.
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